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=​​ Borderline Personality Disorder =

**Introduction **

 Angelina Jolie (pictured here in the film //Girl Interrupted//, where she played a woman suffering from BPD), Christina Ricci, Brittney Spears, Marilyn Monroe, Winona Ryder, Kurt Cobain, Princess Diana, Lindsey Lohan, Pete Doherty, Courtney Love, Heather Mills, and Amy Winehouse are just a few celebrities who have supposedly been diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). BPD is a severe psychiatric disorder that is frequently characterized by mood instability and disordered emotion regulation. It often leads to the disruption of interpersonal relationships, work life, long-term planning, and many other important areas of an individual’s life. However with the appropriate measures of help and good support systems in place individuals suffering from this condition may be able to lead happy and productive lives ("Borderline Personality Disorder", 2008).It cannot be taken for granted that individuals suffering from a personality disorder will take the initiative to seek professional assistance from a therapist (Kienast, & Foerster, 2008). Instead they frequently find alternative strategies for relief from emotional tension, anxiety and other feelings. Because personality disorders often occur alongside a co-morbid condition such as substance abuse or addiction the interaction may lead to higher rates of relapse, treatment non-compliance, and poor outcomes in treatment programs (Kienast, & Foerster. 2008). **Personality Disorders**  Personality Disorders are classified under Axis II in the DSM-IV-TR which has provided five criteria for defining personality disorders:


 * The pattern of behaviour must be manifested in at least two of the following areas: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.
 *  The behaviour should lead to clinically significant distress.
 * The symptoms must be stable and long lasting, with onset in adolescence or earlier.
 * The enduring pattern of behaviour must be rigid and consistent across a broad range of personal and social situations.
 * The behaviour cannot be accounted for by another mental disorder.

**__ Cluster A: Odd and Eccentric Disorders __** People with Paranoid Personality Disorder are noted as being extremely distrustful of others’ motives. They often interpret what others do or say as maliciously directed at them. This disorder shares similarities with Schizophrenia. When diagnosing, it is important to note that these symptoms are not due to medication, a psychotic disorder, or a mood disorder with psychotic features. Schizoid Personality Disorder is marked by a lack of strong emotions toward others. People with this disorder seem detached and prefer to be alone. This disorder shares similarities with Schizophrenia. When diagnosing, it is important to note that these symptoms are not caused by medication, a psychotic disorder, mood disorder, or a developmental delay. People with Schizotypal Personality Disorder have very eccentric thoughts and behaviours (i.e. superstitions). Because of their eccentricity, they have few relationships with others. This disorder shares similarities with Schizophrenia. Someone with Antisocial Personality Disorder does not consider the rights or safety of others. It is important to note that the symptoms are not caused by schizophrenia or a manic episode. Borderline Personality Disorder is marked by instability in mood, relationships, and sense of identity as well as impulsivity. People with Histrionic Personality Disorder constantly need to be the centre of attention and will do anything to gain attention. People with Narcissistic Personality Disorder consider themselves to be exceptional. They require constant admiration and lack empathy. They feel that they can only be understood by others of “high status”. People with Avoidant Personality Disorder avoid social situations and are hypersensitive to criticism. People with Dependent Personality Disorder rely on others for decision making. They fear separation and are extremely clingy. People with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder have a strong need for perfection and are very inflexible. Not to be confused with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, which is marked by actual obsessions and compulsions. (American Psychiatric Association, 2000)
 * __ Paranoid Personality Disorder: __**
 * __ Schizoid Personality Disorder: __**
 * __ Schizotypal Personality Disorder: __**
 * __ Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Disorders __**
 * __ Antisocial Personality Disorder: __**
 * __ Borderline Personality Disorder: __**
 * __ Histrionic Personality Disorder: __**
 * __ Narcissistic Personality Disorder: __**
 * __ Cluster C: Anxious and Fearful Disorders __**
 * __ Avoidant Personality Disorder: __**
 * __ Dependent Personality Disorder __**
 * __ Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: __**

= Borderline Personality Disorder- What makes it different? Causes? Symptoms = ​ **What is Borderline Personality Disorder?**
 * Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness characterized by pervasive instability in moods, interpersonal relationships, self-image, and behaviour.
 * People with BPD suffer from a disorer of emotional regulation; this often plays a large part in family and social lives, long term planning and an individual's sense of self-identity.
 * BPD is more common than both schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, it affects approximately 2 percent of adults, and is most common among young females
 * People who suffer from BPD account for about 20 percent of psychatric hospitalizations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">With this disorder there is a very high rate or self-injury (without suicide intent), but there are also many suicide attempts as well.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">**Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">People with BPD often experience sudden feelings of anger, depression and anxiety. These can last for only hours, or up to a day.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">These can be associated with impulsive aggression, self injury, and drug or alcohol abuse.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">People with BPD often feel unworthy, as though they are not good enough
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">A person with BPD will change from feelings of love, to hatred and back again
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">They are often uncertain about their identity or self image
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">They typically view themselves as victims of circumstance and take little responsibility for themselves or their problems
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Other symptoms include feelings of loneliness, emptiness and boredom, and intolerance of being alone
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Many people with BPD experience impulsiveness with money, substance abuse, sexual relationships, binge eating, or shoplifting

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">**Risk Factors of Borderline Personality Disorder** Many people who suffer from Borerline Personality Disorder have experienced the following: <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">References: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 90%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; msoansilanguage: EN; msoasciithemefont: minor-latin; msobidifontweight: bold; msobidilanguage: AR-SA; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msofareastthemefont: minor-latin; msofontkerning: 18.0pt; msohansithemefont: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;"> Borderline Personality Disorder. (2008). Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder and Celebrities who Suffer. Retrieved October 20th, 2009, from []
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Abandonment in childhood or adolescence- Often if a person is abandon as a child or young adult they may have additional issues surrounding their relationships in the future. They may fear being alone and be very cautions of their future relationships
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Disrupted family life, and/or poor communication in the family
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Sexual abuse- sexual abuse is often a trigger in many problems that females may encounter in their future. Sexual abuse may contribute to feelings of inadequacy as well as their ability to trust others, especially the opposite sex

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Kienast, T., Foerster, J. (2008). Psychotherapy of personality disorders and concomitant substance dependence. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 21:619–624. DOI:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32830d365c

National Institution of Mental Health. (2009). //Borderline Personality Disorder//. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from []

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Roan, S. (2009). //Borderline Personality Disorder Grows as Healthcare Concern. //Retrieved November 12, 2009 m http://bulletin.aarp.org/yourhealth/diseases/articles/borderline_personality_disorder_grows_as_healthcare_concern.html